Legal Law Terms


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	JACTITATION. OF MARRIAGE , Eng. eccl. law. The boasting by an individual that he or she has married another, from which it may happen t
	JACTURA . The same as jettison. (q. v.) 1 Bell's Com. 586, 5th ed.
	JAIL . A prison; a place appointed by law for the detention of prisoners. A jail is an inhabited dwelling-house wit
	JEOFAILE. This is a law French phrase, which signifies, "I am in an error; I have failed." There are certain statutes ca
	JEOPARDY . Peril, danger. 2. This is the meaning attached to this word used in the act establishing and regulating the
	JERGUER , Engl. law. An officer of the custom-house, who oversees the waiters. Techn. Dict. h. t.
	JETTISON, or JETSAM. The casting out of a vessel, from necessity, a part of the lading; the thing cast out also bears the same name
	JEUX DE BOURSE , French law. This is a kind of gambling or speculation, which consists of sales and purchase's, which bind ne
	JEWS. See De Judaismo Statutum.
	JOB. By this term is understood among workmen, the whole of a thing which is to be done. In this sense it is employ
	JOBBER , commerce. One who buys end sells articles for others. Stock jobbers are those who buy, and sell stocks for o
	JOCALIA . Jewels; this term was formerly more properly applied to those ornaments which women, although married, call
	JOINDER IN DEMURRER . When a demurrer is offered by one party, the adverse party joins with him in demurrer, and the answer which
	JOINDER OF ACTIONS , practice. The putting two or more causes of action in the same declaration. 2. It is a general rule, that i
	JOINDER OF ISSUE , pleadings. The act by which the parties to a cause arrive at that stage of it in their pleadings, that one a
	JOINDER OF PARTIES TO ACTIONS. It is a rule in actions ex contractu that all who have a legal interest in the contract, and no others, must j
	JOINT CONTRACT . One in which the contractors are jointly bound to perform the promise or obligation therein contained, or en
	JOINT EXECUTORS. It is proposed to consider, 1. The interest which they have in the estate of the deceased. 2. How far they are
	JOINT STOCK BANKS. In England they are a species of quasi corporations, or companies regulated by deeds of settlement; and, in th
	JOINT TENANTS , estates. Two or more persons to whom are granted land's or tenements to hold in fee simple, fee tail, for li
	JOINT TRUSTEES. Two or more persons who are entrusted with property for the benefit of one or more others. 2. Unlike joint ex
	JOINT. United, not separate; as, joint action, or one which is brought by several persons acting together; joint bond
	JOINTRESS or JOINTURESS . A woman who has an estate settled on her by her hushand, to hold during her life, if she survive him. Co. Li
	JOINTURE, estates.. A competent livelihood of freehold for the wife, of lands and tenements; to take effect in profit or
	JOUR . A French word, signifying day. It is used in our old law books, as, tout jours, for ever. It is also frequen
	JOURNAL , mar. law. The book kept on board of a ship or other vessel, which contains an account of the ship's course,
	JOURNAL, legislation. An account of the proceedings of a legislative body. 2. The Constitution of the United States, a
	JOURNEYS ACCOUNT , Eng. practice. When a writ abated without any fault of the plaintiff, he was permitted to sue out a new writ
	JUDEX A Quo. A judge from whom an appeal may be taken; a judge of a court below. See A quo; 6 Mart. Lo. Rep. 520.
	JUDEX AD OUEM . A judge to whom an appeal may be taken: a superior judge.
	JUDEX. This word has several significations: 1. The judge, one who declares the law, quijus dicit; one who administer
	JUDGE ADVOCATE . An officer who, is a member of a court martial. 2. His duties are to prosecute in the name of the United Sta
	JUDGE'S NOTES. They are short statements, made by a judge on the trial of a cause, of what transpires in the course of such t
	JUDGE. A public officer, lawfully appointed to decide litigated questions according to law. This, in its most extensi
	JUDGMENT , practice. The decision or sentence of the law, given by a court of justice or other competent tribunal, as t
	JUDGMENT POLL , Eng. law. A record made of the issue roll, (q. v.) which, after final judgment has been given in the cause,
	JUDGMENT, ARREST OF , practice. This takes place when the court withhold judgment from the plaintiff on the ground that there is s
	JUDICATURE . The state of those employed in the administration of justice, and in this sense it is nearly synonymous with
	JUDICES PEDANEOS. Among the Romans, the praetors, and other great magistrates, did not themselves decide the actions which arose
	JUDICIAL . Belonging, or emanating from a judge, as such. 2. Judicial sales, are such as are ordered by virtue of the
	JUDICIAL ADMISSIONS . Those which are generally made in writing in court by the attorney of the party; they appear upon the record
	JUDICIAL CONFESSIONS, criminal law. Those voluntarily made before a magistrate, or in a court, in the due course of legal proceeding
	JUDICIAL CONVENTIONS. Agreements entered into in consequence of an order of court; as, for example, entering into a bond on taking o
	JUDICIAL MORTGAGE . In Louisiana, it is the lien resulting from judgments, whether these be rendered on contested cases, or by d
	JUDICIAL SALE. A sale by authority of some competent tribunal, by an officer authorized by law for the purpose. 2. The offic
	JUDICIAL WRITS, Eng. practice. The capias and all other writs subsequent to the original writ not issuing out of chancery, but
	JUDICIARY. That which is done while administering justice; the judges taken collectively; as, the liberties of the people
	JUDICIUM DEI . The judgment of God. The English law formerly impiously called the judgments on trials by ordeal, by battle,
	JUICIO DE CONCURSO. This term is Spanish, and is used in Louisiana. It is the name of an action brought for the purpose of making
	JUNIOR . Younger. 2. This has been held to be no part of a man's name, but an addition by use, and a convenient dist
	JUNIPERUS SABINA , med. jur. This plant is commonly called savine. 2. It is used for lawful purposes in medicine, but too freq
	JURA PERSONARUM . The rights and duties of persons are so called.
	JURA RERUM. The rights which a man may acquire in and to such external things as are unconnected with. his person, are cal
	JURA SUMMA IMPERII . Rights of sovereignty or supreme dominion.
	JURAMENTAE CORPORALIA. Corporal oaths. These oaths are so called, because the party making oath must touch the Bible, or other thing
	JURAMENTUM JUDICIALE. A term in the civil law. The oath called juramentum judiciale is that which the judge, of his wwn accord, defe
	JURAT Practice. That part of an affidavit where the officer certifies that the same was "sworn" before him. 2. The
	JURATA . A certificate placed at the bottom of an affidavit, declaring that the witness has been sworn or affirmed to
	JURATS, officers. In some English corporations, jurats are officers who have much the same power as aldermen in others
	JURE, WRIT OF , Engl. law. The name of a writ commanding the defendant to show by what right he demands common of pasture in
	JURE. By law; by right; in right; as, jure civilis, by the civil law; jure gentium, by the law of nations; jure repr
	JURIDICAL DAYS . Dies juridici. Days in court on which the law is administered.
	JURIDICAL. Signifies used in courts of law; done in conformity to the laws of the country, and the practice which is ther
	JURIS ET DE JURE. A phrase employed to denote conclusive presumptions of law, which cannot be rebutted by evidence. The words si
	JURISCONSULT . One well versed in jurisprudence; a jurist: one whose profession it is to give counsel on questions of law.
	JURISDICTION CLAUSE. That part of a bill in chancery which is intended to give jnrisdiction of the suit to, the court, by a general
	JURISDICTION, Practice. A power constitutionally conferred upon a judge or magistrate, to take cognizance of, and decide cau
	JURISPRUDENCE. The science of the law. By science here, is understood that connexion of truths which is founded on principles
	JURIST . One well versed in the science of the law. The term i's usually applied to students and practitioners of law
	JUROR , practice. From juro, to swear; a man who is sworn or affirmed to serve on a jury. 2. Jurors are selected fr
	JURY BOX. A place set apart for the jury to sit in during the trial of a cause. JURY LIST. A paper containing th
	JURY. A body of men selected according to law, for the purpose of deciding some controversy. 2. This mode of trial
	JUS . Law or right. This term is applied in many modern phrases. It is also used to signify equity. Story, Eq. Jur
	JUS ABUTENDI . The right to abuse. By this phrase is understood the right to abuse property, or having full dominion over p
	JUS ACCRESCENDI . The right of survivorship. 2. At common law, when one of several joint tenants died, the entire tenancy or
	JUS AD REM. property, title. This phrase is applied to designate the right a man has in relation to a thing; it is not the
	JUS AQUAEDUCTUS , CIV. law. The name of a servitude which Lives to the owner of land the right to bring down water through or
	JUS CIVILE. Among the Romans by jus civile was understood the civil law, in contradistinction to the public law, or jus ge
	JUS CIVITATIS . Among the Romans the collection of laws which are to be observed among all the members of a nation were so c
	JUS CLOACAE, civil law. The name of a servitude which requires the paity who is subject to it, to permit his neighbor to co
	JUS DARE. To give or to make the law. Jus dare belongs to the legislature; jus dicere to the judge.
	JUS DELIBERANDI . The right of deliberating, which in some countries, where the heir may have benefit of inventory, (q. v.) is
	JUS DICERE . To declare the law. This word is used to explain the power which the court has to expound the law; and not t
	JUS DISPONENDI. The right to dispose of a thing.
	JUS DUPLICATUM, property, title. When a man has the possession as well as the property of anything, he is said to have a doubl
	JUS FECIALE. Among the Romans it was that species of international law which had its foundation in the religious belief of
	JUS FIDUCIARUM, Civil law. A right to something held in trust; for this there was a remedy in conscience. 2 Bl. Com. 328.
	JUS GENTIUM. The law of nations. (q. v.) Although the Romans used these words in the sense we attach to law of nations, yet
	JUS GLADII . Supreme jurisdiction. The right to absolve from, or condemn a man to death.
	JUS HABENDI. The right to have and enjoy a thing.
	JUS IN RE, property, title. The right which a man has in a thing by which it belongs to him. It is a complete and full ri
	JUS INCOGNITUM. An unknown law. This term is applied by the civilians to obsolete laws, which, as Bacon truly observes, are un
	JUS LEGITIMUM , civil law. A legal right which might have been enforced by due course of law.. 2 Bl. Com. 328.
	JUS MARITI, Scotch law. The right of the hushand to administer, during the marriage, his wife's goods and the rents of her
	JUS MERUM. A simple or bare right; a right to property in land, without possession, or the right of possession.
	JUS PATRONATUS , eccl. law. A commission from the bishop, directed usually to his chancellor and others of competent learning
	JUS PERSONARUM . The right of persons. 2. A branch of the law which embraces the theory of the different classes of men who
	JUS POSTLIMINII, property, title. The right to claim property after re-capture. Vide, Postliminy; Marsh. Ins. 573; 1 Kent, Com.
	JUS PRECARIUM , civil law. A right to a thing held for another, for which there was no remedy. 2 Bl. Com. 328.
	JUS PROJICIENDI, Civil law. The name of a servitude; it is the right which the owner of a building has of projecting a part of
	JUS PROTEGENDI , civil law. The name of a servitude; it is a right by which a part of the roof or tiling of one house is made
	JUS QUAESITUM . A right to ask or recover; for example, in an obligation there is a binding of the obligor, and a jus quaesi
	JUS RELICTA, Scotch law. The right of a wife, after her hushand's death, to a third of movables, if there be children; and
	JUS RERUM. The right of things. Its principal object is to ascertain how far a person can have a permanent dominion over
	JUS STRICTUM . A Latin phrase, which signifies law interpreted without any modification, and in its utmost rigor.
	JUS UTENDI. The right to use property, without destroying its substance. It is employed in contradistinction to the jus ab
	JUST. This epithet is applied to that which agrees with a given law which is the test of right and wrong. 1 Toull. p
	JUSTICE . The constant and perpetual disposition to render every man his due. Just. Inst. B. 1, tit. 1. Toullier defin
	JUSTICES IN EYRE . They were certain judges established if not first appointed, A. D. 1176, 22 Hen. II. England was divided int
	JUSTICES OF THE PEACE. Public officers invested with judicial powers for the purpose of preventing breaches of the peace, and bringin
	JUSTICES. Judges. Officers appointed by a competent authority to administer justice. They are so called, because, in anc
	JUSTICIAR, or JUSTICIER . A judge, or justice the same as justiciary.
	JUSTICIARII ITINERANTES, Eng. law. They were formerly justices, who were so called because they went from county to county to administe
	JUSTICIARII RESIDENTES , Eng. law. They were justices or judges, who usually resided in Westminster; they were so called to distingui
	JUSTICIARY, officer. Another name for a judge. In Latin, he was called justiciciarius, and in French, justicier. Not used.
	JUSTICIES , Eng. law. The name of a writ which acquires its name from the mandatory words which it contains, "that you d
	JUSTIFIABLE HOMICIDE. That which is committed with the intention to kill, or to do a grievous bodily injury, under circumstances whi
	JUSTIFICATION. The act by which a party accused shows and maintains a good and legal reason in court, why he did the thing he
	JUSTIFICATORS . A kind of compurgators, or those who, by oath, justified the innocence or oaths of others, as in the case of
	JUSTIFYING BAIL , practice. The production of bail in court, who there justify themselves Against the exception of the plainti

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