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IBIDEM . This word is used in references, when it is intended to say that a thing is to be found in the same place, o
ICTUS ORBIS , med. jurisp. A maim, a bruise, or swelling; any hurt without cutting the skin. When the skin is cut, the inj
IDEM SONANS . Sounding the same. 2. In pleadings, when a name which it is material to state, is wrongly spelled, yet if it
IDENTITATE NOMINIS , Engl. law. The name of a writ which lies for a person taken upon a capias or exigent and committed to prison
IDENTITY , evidence. Sameness. 2. It is frequently necessary to identify persons and things. In criminal prosecutions,
IDES, NONES and CALENDS , civil law. This mode of computing time, formerly in use among the Romans, is yet used in several chanceries
IDIOCY , med. jur. That condition of mind, in which the reflective, or all or a part of the affective powers, are eit
IDIOT , Persons. A person who has been without understanding from his nativity, and whom the law, therefore, presume
IDIOTA INQUIRENDO, WRIT DE . This is the name of an old writ which directs the sheriff to inquire whether a man be an idiot or not. The i
IDLENESS . The refusal or neglect to engage in any lawful employment, in order to gain a livelihood. 2. The vagrant act
IGNIS JUDICIUM , Eng. law. The name of the old judicial trial by fire.
IGNOMINY . Public disgrace, infamy, reproach, dishonor. Ignominy is the opposite of esteem. Wolff, 145. See Infamy.
IGNORAMUS , practice. We are ignorant. This word, which in law means we are uninformed, is written on a bill by a grand
IGNORANCE . The want of knowledge. 2. Ignorance is distinguishable from error. Ignorance is want of knowledge; error is
ILL FAME . This is a technical expression, that which means not only bad character as generally understood, but every p
ILLEGAL . Contrary to law; unlawful. 2. It is a general rule, that the law will never give its aid to a party who has
ILLEGITIMATE . That which is contrary to law; it is usually applied to children born out of lawful wedlock. A bastard is so
ILLEVIABLE . A debt or duty that cannot or ought not to be levied. Nihil set upon a debt is a mark for illeviable.
ILLICIT . What is unlawful what is forbidden by the law. Vide Unlawful. 2. This word is frequently used in policies of
ILLICITE . Unlawfully. 2. This word has a technical meaning, and is requisite in an indictment where the act charged is
ILLINOIS . The name of one of the United States of America. This state was admitted into the Union by virtue of a "Reso
ILLITERATE . This term is applied to one unacquainted with letters. 2. When an ignorant man, unable to read, signs a deed
ILLUSION . A species of mania in which the sensibility of the nervous system is altered, excited, weakened or perverted
ILLUSORY APPOINTMENT , chancery practice. Such an appointment or disposition of property under a power as is merely nominal and not
IMBECILITY , med. jur. A weakness of the mind, caused by the absence or obliteration of natural or acquired ideas; or it
IMIPLICATA , mar. law. In order to avoid the risk of making fruitless voyages, merchants have been in the habit of receiv
IMMATERIAL . What is not essential; unimportant what is not requisite; what is informal; as, an immaterial averment, an i
IMMATERIAL AVERMENT . One alleging with needless particularity or unnecessary circumstances, what is material and requisite, and w
IMMEDIATE . That which is produced directly by the act to which it is ascribed, without the intervention or agency of an
IMMEMORIAL . That which commences beyond the time of memory. Vide Memory, time of. IMMEMORIAL POSSESSION. In Louisiana, b
IMMIGRATION . The removing into one place from another. It differs from emigration, which is the moving from one place int
IMMORAL CONSIDERATION . One contrary to good morals, and therefore invalid. See Moral obligation.
IMMORALITY . that which is contra bonos mores. In England, it is not punishable in some cases, at the common law, on, acc
IMMOVABLES , civil law. Things are movable or immovable. Immovables, res immobiles, are things in general, such as cannot
IMMUNITY . An exemption from serving in an office, or performing duties which the law generally requires other citizens
IMMUTABLE . What cannot be removed, what is unchangeable. The laws of God being perfect, are immutable, but no human law
IMPAIRING THE OBLIGATION OF CONTRACTS . The Constitution of the United States, art. 1, s. 9, cl. 1, declares that no state shall "pass any bill of a
IMPARLANCE , pleading and practice. Imparlance, from the French, parler, to speak, or licentia loquendi, in its most gene
IMPEACHMENT , const. law, punishments. Under the constitution and laws of the United States, an impeachment may be describ
IMPEACHMENT , evidence. An allegation, supported by proof, that a witness who has been examined is unworthy of credit. 2.
IMPEACHMENT OF WASTE . It signifies a restraint from committing waste upon lands or tenements; or a demand of compensation for wast
IMPEDIMENTS , contracts. Legal objections to the making of a contract. Impediments which relate to the person are those of
IMPERFECT . That which is incomplete. 2. This term is applied to rights and obligations. A man has a right to be relieve
IMPERIUM . The right to command, which includes the right to employ the force of the state to enforce the laws; this is
IMPERTINENT , practice, pleading. What does not appertain, or belong to; id est, qui ad rem non pertinet. 2. Evidence of f
IMPETRATION . The obtaining anything by prayer or petition. In the ancient English statutes, it signifies a pre-obtaining
IMPLEMENTS . Such things as are used or employed for a trade, or furniture of a house.
IMPLICATION . An inference of something not directly declared, but arising from what is admitted or expressed. 2. It is a
IMPORTATION , comm. law. The act of bringing goods and merchandise into the United States from a foreign country. 9 Cranch
IMPORTS . Importations; as no state shall lay any duties on imports or exports. Const. U. S. Art. 1, s. 10; 7 How. U.
IMPORTUNITY . Urgent solicitation, with troublesome frequency and pertinacity. 2. Wills and devises are sometimes set asid
IMPOSITIONS . Imposts, taxes, or contributions.
IMPOSSIBILITY . The character of that which. cannot be done agreeably to the accustomed order of nature. 2. It is a maxim th
IMPOSTS . This word is sometimes used to signify taxes, or duties, or impositions; and, sometimes, in the more restrai
IMPOTENCE , med. jur. The incapacity for copulation or propagating the species. It has also been used synonymously with
IMPRESCRIPTIBILITY . The state of being incapable of prescription. 2. A property which is held in trust is imprescriptible; that
IMPRIMATUR . A license or allowance to one to print. 2. At one time, before a book could be printed in England, it was re
IMPRIMERY . In some of the ancient English statutes this word is used to signify a printing-office, the art of printing,
IMPRIMIS . In the first place; as, imprimis, I direct my just debts to be paid. See Item.
IMPRISONMENT . The restraint of a person contrary to his will. 2 Inst. 589; Baldw. Rep. 239, 600. Imprisonment is either la
IMPROBATION . The act by which perjury or falsehood is proved. Techn. Dict. h. t.
IMPROPRIATION , eccl. law. The act, of employing the revenues of a church living to one's own use; it is also a parsonage or
IMPROVEMENT , estates. This term is of doubtful meaning It would seem to apply principally to buildings, though generally
IMPROVEMENT, rights. An addition of some useful thing to a machine, manufacture or composition of matter. 2. The patent la
IMPUBER , civil law. One who is more than seven years old, or out of infancy, and who has not attained the age of an a
IMPUNITY . Not being punished for a crime or misdemeanor committed. The impunity of crimes is one of the most prolific
IMPUTATION . The judgment by which we declare that an agent is the cause of his free action, or of the result of it, whet
IMPUTATION OF PAYMENT . This term is used in Louisiana to signify the appropriation which is made of a payment, when the debtor owes
IN ALIO LOCO . In another place. Vide Cepit in alio loco.
IN ARTICULO MORTIS . In the article of death; at the point of death. As to the effect of this condition on wills, see Nuncupative
IN AUTRE DROIT . In another's right. An executor, administrator or trustee, is said to have the property confided to him in s
IN BLANK . This is generally applied to indorsements, as, indorsements in blank, which is one not restricted, made by t
IN CHIEF . Evidence is said to be in chief when it is given in support of the case opened by the leading counsel. Vide
IN COMMENDAM . The state or condition of a church living, which is void or vacant, and it is commended to the care of some
IN CUSTODIA LEGIS . In the custody of the law. In general, when things are in custodia legis, they cannot be distrained, nor oth
IN ESSE . In being. A thing in existence. It is used in opposition to enposse. A child in ventre sa mere is a thing in
IN EXTREMIS . This phrase is used to denote the end of life; as, a marriage in extremis, is one made at the end of life. V
IN FACIENDO . In doing, or in feasance. 2 Story, Eq. Jurisp. 1308.
IN FAVOREM LIBERTATIS . In favor of liberty.
IN FAVOREM VITAE . In favor of life.
IN FIERI . In the course of execution; a thing commenced but not completed. A record is said to be in fieri during the
IN FORMA PAUPERIS . In the character or form of a pauper. In England, in some cases, when a poor person cannot afford to pay the
IN FORO CONSCIENTIAE . Before the tribunal of conscience; conscientiously. This term is applied in opposition, to the obligations w
IN FRAUDEM LEGIS . In fraud of the law. Every thing done in fraudem legis is void in law. 2 Ves. sen. 155, 156 Bouv. Inst. n. 5
IN GREMIO LEGIS . In the bosom of the law. This is a figurative expression, by which is meant, that the subject is under the p
IN GROSS . At large; not appurtenant or appendant, but annexed to a man's per son: e. g. Common granted to a man and hi
IN INVITUM . Against an unwilling party; against one who has not given his consent. See Invito domino.
IN JUDICIO . In the course of trial; a course of legal proceedings.
IN JURE . In law; according to law, rightfully. Bract. fol. 169, b.
IN LIMINE . In or at the beginning. This phrase is frequently used; as, the courts are anxious to check crimes in limine
IN LITEM , ad litem. For a suit; to the suit. Greenl. Ev. 348.
IN LOCO PARENTIS . In the place of a parent; as, the master stands towards his apprentice in loco parentis.
IN MITIORI SENSU , construction. Formerly in actions of slander it was a rule to take the expression used in mitiori sensu, in
IN MORA . In default. Vide mora, in.
IN NUBIBUS . In the clouds. This is a figurative expression to signify a state of suspension or abeyance. 1 Co. 137.
IN NULLO EST ERRATUM , pleading. A plea to errors assigned on proceedings in error, by which the defendant in error affirms there i
IN ODIUM SPOLIATORIS . In hatred of a despoiler. All things are presumed against a despoiler or wrong doer in odium spoliatoris omn
IN PARI CAUSA . In an equal cause. It is a rule that when two persons have equal rights in relation to a particular thing, t
IN PARI DELICTO . In equal fault; equal in guilt. Neither courts of law nor equity will interpose to grant relief to the parti
IN PARI MATERIA . Upon the same matter or subject. Statutes in pari materia are to be construed together.
IN PERPETUAM REI MEMORIAM . For the perpetual memory or remembrance of a thing. Gilb. For. Rom. 118.
IN PERSONAM , remedies. A remedy in personam, is one where the proceedings are against the person, in contradistinction to
IN POSSE . In possibility; not in actual existence; used in contradistinction to in esse.
IN PRAESENTI . At the present time; used in opposition to in futuro. A marriage contracted in words de praesenti is good; a
IN PRINCIPIO . At the beginning this is frequently used in citations; as Bac. Ab. Legacies, in pr.
IN PROPRIA PERSONA . In his own person; himself; as the defendant appeared in propria persona; the plaintiff argued the cause in
IN RE . In the matter; as in re A B, in the matter of A B.
IN REBUS . In things, cases or matters.
IN REM , remedies. This technical term is used to designate proceedings or actions instituted against the thing, in c
IN RERUM NATURA . In the nature of things; in existence.
IN SOLIDO . A term used in the civil law, to signify that a contract is joint. 2. Obligations are in solido, first, betw
IN STATU QUO . In the same situation; in the same place; as, between the time of the submission and the time when the award
IN TERROREM . By way of threat, terror, or warning. For example, when a legacy is given to a person upo condition not to d
IN TERROREM POPULI . To the terror of the people. An indictment for a riot is bad, unless it conclude in terrorem populi. 4 Carr.
IN TOTIDEM VERhis . In just so many words; as, the legislature has declared this to be a crime in totidem verhis.
IN TOTO . In the whole; wholly; completely; as, the award is void in toto. In the whole the part is contained: in toto
IN TRANSITU . During the transit, or removal from one place to another. 2. The transit continues until the goods have arri
IN VADIO . In pledge; in gage.
IN VENTRE SA MERE . In his mother's womb. 2. - 1. In law a child is for all beneficial purposes considered as born while in vent
IN WITNESS WHEREOF . These words, which, when conveyancing was in the Latin language, were in cujus rei testimonium, are the init
INADEQUATE PRICE . This term is applied to indicate the want of a sufficient consideration for a thing sold,or such a price as,
INADMIISSIBLE . What cannot be received. Parol evidence, for example, is inadmissible to contradict a written agreement.
INALIENABLE . This word is applied to those things, the property of which cannot be lawfully transferred from one person t
INAUGURATION . This word was applied by the Romans to the ceremony of dedicating some temple, or raising some man to the pr
INCAPACITY . The want of a quality legally to do, give, transmit, or receive something. 2. It arises from nature, from th
INCENDIARY , crim. law. One who maliciously and wilfully sets another person's house on fire; one guilty of the crime of
INCEPTION . The commencement; the beginning. In making a will, for example, the writing is its inception. 3 Co. 31 b; Pl
INCEST . The carnal copulation of a man and a woman related to each other in any of the degrees within which marriage
INCH . From the Latin uncia. A measure of length, containing one-twelfth part of a foot.
INCHOATE . That which is not yet completed or finished. Contracts are considered inchoate until they are executed by al
INCIDENT . A thing depending upon, appertaining to, or following another, called the princinal. 2. The power of punishi
INCIPITUR , practice. This word, which means "it is begun," signifies the commencement of the entry on the roll. on sign
INCLUSIVE . Comprehended in computation. In computing time, as ten days from a particular time, one day is generally to
INCOME . The gain which proceeds from property, labor, or business; it is applied particularly to individuals; the in
INCOMPATIBILITY . offices, rights. This term is used to show that two or more things ought not to exist at the same time in th
INCOMPETENCY , evidence. The want of legal fitness, or ability in a witness to be heard as such on the trial of a cause. 2.
INCOMPETENCY , French law. The state of a judge who cannot take cognizance of a dispute brought before him; it implies a wa
INCONCLUSIVE . What does not put an end to a thing. Inconclusive presumptions are those which may be overcome by opposing p
INCONTINENCE Impudicity, the indulgence in unlawful carnal connexions. Wolff, Dr. de la Nat. 862.
INCORPORATION , civil law. The union of one domain to another.
INCORPORATION . This term is frequently confounded, particularly in the old books, with corporation. The distinction between
INCORPOREAL . Not consisting of matter. 2. Things incorporeal. are those which are not the object of sense, which cannot b
INCORPOREAL HEREDITAMENT , title, estates. A right issuing out of, or annexed unto a thing corporeal. 2. Their existence is merely in i
INCORPOREAL PROPERTY , civil law. That which consists in legal right merely; or, as the term is, in the common law, of choses in ac
INCUMBENT , eccles. law. A clerk resident on his benefice with cure; he is so called because he does, or ought to, bend
INCUMBRANCE . Whatever is a lien upon an estate. 2. The right of a third person in the land in question to the diminution
INDEBITATUS ASSUMPSIT , remedies, pleadings. That species of action of assumpsit, in which the plaintiff alleges in his declaration,
INDEBITI SOLUTIO , civil law. The payment to one of what is not due to him. If the payment was made by mistake, the civilians r
INDEBTEDNESS . The state, of being in debt, without regard to the ability or inability of the party to pay the same. See 1
INDECENCY . An act against good behaviour and a just delicacy. 2 Serg. & R. 91. 2. The law, in general, will repress ind
INDEFEASIBLE . That which cannot be defeated or undone. This epithet is usually applied to an estate or right which cannot
INDEFENSUS . One sued or impleaded, who refuses or has nothing to answer.
INDEFINITE . That which is undefined; uncertain.
INDEFINITE FAILURE OF ISSUE , executory devise. A general failure of issue, whenever it may happen, without fixing a time, or certain or d
INDEFINITE PAYMENT , contracts. That which a debtor who owes several debts to a creditor, makes without making an appropriation;
INDEFINITE, NUMBER . A number which may be increased or diminished at pleasure. 2. When a corporation is composed of an indefinit
INDEMNITY . That which is given to a person to prevent his suffering damage. 2 McCord, 279. Sometimes it signifies dimin
INDENTURE , conveyancing. An instrument of writing containing a conveyance or contract between two or more persons, usua
INDEPENDENCE . A state of perfect irresponsibility to any superior; the United States are free and independent of all earth
INDEPENDENT CONTRACT . One in which the mutual acts or promises have no relation to each other, either as equivalents or considerat
INDETERMINATE . That which is uncertain or not particularly designated; as, if I sell you one hundred bushels of wheat, with
INDIAN TRIBE . A separate and distinct community or body of the aboriginal Indian race of men found in the United States. 2
INDIANA . The name of one of the new states of the United States. This state was admitted into the Union by virtue of
INDIANS . The aborigines of this country are so called. 2. In general, Indians have no political rights in the United
INDICIA , civil law. Signs, marks. Example: in replevin, the chattel must possess indicia, or earmarks, by which it ca
INDICTED , practice. When a man is accused by a bill of indictment preferred by a grand jury, he is said to be indicted
INDICTION , computation of time. An indiction contained a space of fifteen years. 2. It was used in dating at Rome and i
INDICTMENT , crim. law, practice. A written accusation of one or more persons of a crime or misdemeanor, presented to, an
INDICTOR . He who causes another to be indicted. The latter is sometimes called the indictee.
INDIFFERENT . To have no bias nor partiality. 7 Conn. 229. A juror, an arbitrator, and a witness, ought to be indifferent,
INDIRECT EVIDENCE . That proof which does not prove the fact in question, but proves another, the certainty of which may lead to
INDIVISIBLE . That which cannot be separated. 2. It is important to ascertain when a consideration or a contract, is or is
INDIVISUM . That which two or more persons hold in common without partition; undivided. (q. v.)
INDORSEE , contracts. The person in whose favor an indorsement is made, 2. He is entitled to all the rights of the indo
INDORSEMENT , crin. law, practice. When a warrant for the arrest of a person charged with a crime has been issued by a jus
INDORSER , contracts. The person who makes an indorsement. 2. The indorser of a bill of exchange, or other negotiable p
INDUCEMENT , contracts, evidence. The moving cause of an action. 2. In contracts, the benefit.which the obligor is to rec
INDUCEMENT , pleading. The statement of matter which is introductory to the principal subject of the declaration or plea,
INDUCLAE LEGALES , Scotch law. The days between the citation of the defendant, and the day of appearance. Bell's Scotch Law Dic
INDUCTION , eccles. law. The giving a clerk, instituted to a benefice, the actual possession of its temporalties, in the
INDUTLGENCE . A favor granted. 2. It is a general rule that where a creditor gives .indulgence, by entering into a binding
INELIGIBILITY . The incapacity to be lawfully elected. 2. This incapacity arises from various, causes, and a person may be i
INEVITABLE ACCIDENT . A term used in the civil law, nearly synonymous with fortuitous. event. (q. v.) 2 Sm. & Marsh. 572. In the c
INFAMIS . Among the Romans was of a general rule, and not by virtue of an arbitrary decision of the censors, lost his
INFAMY , crim. law, evidence. That state which is produced by the conviction of crime and the loss of honor, which re
INFANCY . The state or condition of a person under tho age of twenty-one years. Vide Infant.
INFANT , persons. One under the age of twenty-one years. Co. Litt. 171. 2. But he is reputed to be twenty-one years o
INFANTICIDE , med. juris. The murder of a new born infant, Dalloz, Dict. Homicide, 4; Code Penal, 300. There is a differen
INFEOFFMENT , estates. The act or instrument of feoffment. (q. v.) In Scotland it is synonymous with saisine, meaning the
INFERENCE . A conclusion drawn by reason from premises established by proof. 2. It is the province of the judge who is t
INFERI0R . One who in relation to another has less power and is below him; one who is bound to obey another. He who mak
INFERIOR COURTS . By this term are understood all courts except the supreme courts. An inferior court is a court of limited ju
INFIDEL , persons, evidence. One who does not believe in the existence of a God, who will reward or punish in this wor
INFIRM . Weak, feeble. 2. When a witness is infirm to an extent likely to destroy his life, or to prevent his attenda
INFLUENCE . Authority, credit, ascendance. 2. Influence is proper or improper. Proper influence is that which one person
INFORMALITY . The waut of those forms required by law. Informality is a good ground for a plea in abatement. Com. Dig. Aba
INFORMATION . An accusation or complaint made in writing to a court of competent jurisdiction, charging some person with a
INFORMATION IN THE NATURE OF A WRIT OF QUO WARRANTO , remedies. The name of a proceeding against any one who usurps a franchise or office. 2. Informations of this
INFORMATUS NON SUM , pleading, practice. I am not informed; a formal answer made in court, or put upon record by an attorney when
INFORMER . A person who informs or prefers an accusation against another, whom he suspects of the violation of some pen
INFORTIATUM , civil law. The second part of the Digest or Pandects of Justinian, is called infortiatum: see Digest. This p
INFRA , Latin. Below, under, beneath, underneath. The opposite of supra, above. Thus we say primo gradu est supra, p
INFRA ATATEM . Under age that is, during infancy, or before arriving at the full age of twenty-one years.
INFRA CORPUS COMITATUS . Within the body of the countt. 2. The common law courts have jurisdiction infra corpus comitatus; the admira
INFRA DIGNITATEM CURAE . Below the dignity of the court. Example, in equity a demurrer will lie to a bill on the ground of the trivia
INFRA HOSPITIUM . Within the inn when once a traveller's baggage comes infra hospitium, that is, in the care and under the cha
INFRA PRAESIDIA . This term is used in relation to prizes, to signify that they have been brought completely in the power of t
INFRACTION . The breach of a law or agreement; the violation of a compact. In the French law this is the generic expressi
INFUSION , med. jur. A pharmaceutical operation, which consists in pouring a hot or cold fluid upon a substance, whose
INGENUI , civ. law. Those freemen who were born free. Vicat, vocab. 2. They were a class of freemen, distinguished fro
INGRATITUDE . The forgetfulness of a kindness or benefit. 2. In the civil law, ingratitude on the part of a legatee, was s
INGRESS, EGRESS AND REGRESS . These words are frequently used in leases to express the right of the lessee to enter, go upon, and return f
INGRESSU . An ancient writ of entry, by which the plaintiff or complainant sought an entry into his lands. Techn. Dict.
INGROSSING , practice. The act of copying from a rough draft a writing in order that it may be executed; as, ingrossing a
INHABITANT . One who has his domicil in a place is an inhabitant of that place; one who has an actual fixed residence in
INHERENT POWER . An authority possessed without its being derived from another. It is a right, ability or faculty of doing a
INHERITANCE , estates. A perpetuity in lands to a man and his heirs; or it is the right to succeed to the estate of a pers
INHIBITION , Eng. law. The name of a writ which forbids a judge from further proceeding in a cause depending before him;
INHIBITION , Scotch law,. A personal prohibition which passes by letters under the signet, prohibiting the party inhibite
INIQUITY . Vice; contrary to equity; injustice. 2. Where, in a doubtful matter, the judge is required to pronounce, it
INITIAL . Placed at the beginning. The initials of a man's name are the first letters of his Dame; as, G. W. for Georg
INITIALIA TESTIMONII , Scotch law. Before a witness can be examined in chief, he may be examined with regard to his disposition, wh
INITIATE . A right which is incomplete. By the birth of a child, the hushand becomes tenant by the curtesy initiate, bu
INITIATIVE , French law. The name given to the important prerogative given by the charte constitutionelle, art. 16, to th
INJUNCTION , remedies, chancery, practice. An injunction is a prohibitory writ, specially prayed for by a bill, in which
INJURIA ABSQUE DAMNO . Injury without damage. Injury without damage or loss will not bear an action. The following, cases illustrat
INJURIOUS WORDS . This phrase is used, in Louisiana, to signify slander, or libelous words. Code, art. 3501.
INJURY , civil law, In the technical sense of the term it is a delict committed in contempt, or outrage of any one, w
INJURY . A wrong or tort. Injuries are divided into public and private; and they affect the. person, personal propert
INJUSTICE . That which is opposed to justice. 2. It is either natural or civil. 1. Natural injustice is the act of doing
INLAGARE . To admit or restore to the benefit of law.
INLAGATION . The restitution of one outlawed to the protection of the law. Bract. lib. 2, c. 14.
INLAND . Within the same country. 2. It seems not to be agreed whether the term inland applies to all the United Stat
INMATE . One who dwells in a part of another's house, the latter dwelling, at the same time, in the said house. Kitch
INN . A house where a traveller is furnished with every thing he has occasion for while on his way. Bac. Ab. Inns.
INNAVIGABLE . Not capable of being navigated.
INNINGS , estates. Lands gained from the sea by draining. Cunn. L. Dict. h. t.; Law of Sewers, 31.
INNKEEPER . He is defined to be the keeper of a common inn for the lodging and entertainment of travellers and passenger
INNOCENCE , The absence of guilt. 2. The law presumes in favor of innocence, even against another presumption of law: fo
INNOCENT CONVEYANCES . This term is used in England, technically, to signify those conveyances made by a tenant of his leasehold, w
INNOMINATE CONTRACTS , civil law. Contracts which have no particular names, as permutation and transaction, are so called. Inst. 2,
INNOTESCIMUS , English law. An epithet used for letters-patent, which are always of a charter of feoffment, or some other i
INNOVATION , Scotch law. The exchange of one obligation for another, so that the second shall come in the place of the fi
INNOVATION . Change of a thing established for something new. 2. Innovations are said to be dangerous, as likely to unset
INNS OF COURT , Engl. law. The name given to the colleges of the English professors and students of the common law. 2. The f
INNUENDO , pleading. An averment which explains the defendoant's meaning by reference to antecedent matter. Salk. 513;
INOFFICIOUS , civil law. This word is frequently used with others; as, inofficious testament, inofficiosum testamentum; in
INOPS CONSILII . Destitute or without counsel. In the construction of wills a greater latitude is given, because the testator
INQUEST . A body of men appointed by law to inquire into certain matters; as, the inquest examined into the facts conn
INQUIRY, WRIT OF . A writ of inquiry is one issued where a judgment has been entered in a case sounding in damages, without any
INQUISITION , practice. An examination of certain facts by a jury impannelled by the sheriff for the purpose; the instrume
INQUISITOR . A designation of sheriffs, coroners, super visum corporis, and the like, who have power to inquire into cert
INROLLMENT . The act of putting upon a roll. Formerly, the record of a suit was kept on skins of parchment, which, best t
INSANE . One deprived of the use of reason, after he has arrived at the age when he ought to have it, either by a nat
INSANITY , med. jur. A continued impetuositv of thought, which, for the time being, totally unfitsga man for judging an
INSCRIPTION , civil law. An engagerment which a person, who makes a solemn accusation of a crime against another, enters i
INSCRIPTION , evidence. Something written or engraved. 2. Inscriptions upon tombstones and other proper places, as rings,
INSCRIPTIONES . The name given by the old English law to any written instrument by which anything was granted. Blount.
INSENSIBLE . In the language of pleading, that which is unintelligible is said to be insensible. Stepb. Pl. 378.
INSIDIATORES VIARUM . Persons who lie in wait, in order to commi some felony or other misdemeanor.
INSIMUL COMPUTASSENT , practice, actions. They accounted together. 2. When an account has been stated, and a balance ascertained be
INSINUATION , civil law. The transcription of an act on the public registers, like our recording of deeds. It was not nece
INSMUL . Together; jointly. This word is used in composition; as, insimulcomputassent; non tenent insimul.
INSOLVENCY . The state or condition of a person who is insolvent. (q. v.) . 2. Insolvency may be simple or notorious. Sim
INSOLVENT . This word has several meanings. It signifies a person whose estate is not sufficient to pay his debts. Civ.
INSPECTION , comm. law. The examination of certain articles made by law subject to such examination, so that they may be
INSPECTION , practice. Examination. 2. The inspection of all public records is free to all persons who have an interest i
INSPECTOR . The name given to certain officers whose duties are to examine and inspect things over which they have juris
INSPEXIMUS . We have seen. A word sometimes used in letters-patent, reciting a grant, inspeximus such former grant, and s
INSTALLATION or INSTALMENT . The act by which an officer is put in public possession of the place he is to fill. The president of the Uni
INSTALMENT , contracts. A part of a debt due by contract, and agreed to be paid at a time different from that fixed for t
INSTANCE , civil and French law. It signifies, generally, all sorts of actions and judicial demands. Dig. 44, 7, 58.
INSTANCE COURT , Eng. law. The English court of admiralty is divided into two distinct tribunals; the one having, generally,
INSTANT . An indivisible space of time. 2. Although it cannot be actually divided, yet by intendmeent of law, it may b
INSTANTER . Immediately; presently. This term, it is said, means that the act to which it applies, shall be done within
INSTAR . Likeness; resemblance; equivalent as, instar dentium, like teeth; instar omnium, equivalent to all.
INSTIGATION . The act by which one incites another to do something, as to injure a third person, or to commit some crime o
INSTITOR , civ. law. A clerk in a store an agent. 2. He was so called because he watched over the business with which h
INSTITUTE , Scotch law. The person first called in the tailzie; the rest, or the heirs of tailzie, are called substitute
INSTITUTES . The principles or first elements of jurisprudence. 2. Many books have borne the title of Institutes. Among t
INSTITUTION , eccl. law. The act by which the ordinary commits the cure of souls to a person presented to a benefice.
INSTITUTION , political law. That which has been established and settled by law for the public good; as, the American inst
INSTITUTION , practice. The commencement of an action; as, A B has instituted a suit against C D, to recover damages for a
INSTITUTION OF HEIR , civil law. The act by which a testator nominates one or more persons to succeed him in all his rights, activ
INSTRUCTION , French law. This word signifies the meaus used and formality employed to prepare a case for trial. it is gen
INSTRUCTIONS , com. law, Contracts. Orders given by a principal to his agent in relation to the business of his agency. 2.
INSTRUCTIONS , practice. The statements of a cause of action, given by a client to his attorney, and which, where such is t
INSTRUMENT , contracts. The writing which contains some agreement, and is so called because it has been prepared as a mem
INSTRUMENTA . This word is properly applied to designate that kind of evidence, which consists of writings not under seal,
INSUFFICIENCY . What is not competent; not enough.
INSULA , Latin. An island. In the Roman law the word is applied to a house not connected with other houses, but separ
INSUPER , Eng. law. The balance due by an accountant in the exchequer, as apparent by his account. The auditors in set
INSURABLE INTEREST . That right of property which may be the subject of an insurance. 2. The policy of commerce, and the various
INSURANCE , contracts. It is defined to be a contract of indemnity from loss or damage arising upon an uncertain event.
INSURANCE AGAINST FIRE . A contract by which the insurer, in consequence of a certain premium received by him, either in a gross sum
INSURANCE ON LIVES , contracts. The insurance of a life is a contract whereby the insurer, in consideration of a certain premium,
INSURANCE, MARINE , contracts. Marine insurance is a contract whereby one party, for a stipulated premium, undertakes to indemni
INSURED , contracts. The person who procures an insurance on his property. 2. It is the duty of the insured to pay the
INSURER , contracts. One who has obliged himself to insure the safety of another's property, in consideration of a pre
INSURGENT . One who is concerned in an insurrection. He differs from a rebel in this, that rebel is always understood in
INSURRECTION . A rebellion of citizens or subjects of a country against its government. 2. The Constitution of the United S
INTAKERS , Eng. law. The time given to receivers of goods stolen in Scotland, who take them to England. 9 H. V. c. 27.
INTEGER . Whole, untouched. Res integra means a question which is new and undecided. 2 Kent, Com. 177.
INTENDANT . One who has the charge, management, or direction of some office, department, or public business.
INTENDED TO BE RECORDED . This phrase is frequently used in conveyancing, in deeds which recite other deeds which have not been record
INTENDMENT OF LAW . The true meaning, the correct understanding, or intention of the law; a presumption or inference made by the
INTENTION . A design, resolve, or determination of the mind. 2. Intention is required in the commission of crimes and in
INTER . Between, among; as, inter vivos, between living persons; inter alia, among others.
INTER ALIA . Among other things; as, "the said premises, which inter alia, Titius granted to Caius."
INTER ALIOS . Between other parties, who are strangers to the proceeding in question.
INTER CANEM ET LUPUM . Literally, between the dog and the wolf. Metaphorically, the twilight; because then the dog seeks his rest,
INTER PARTES . This, in a technical sense, signifies an agreement professing in the outset, and before any stipulations are
INTER SE INTER SESE . Among themselves. Story on Part 405.
INTER VIVOS . Between living persons; as, a gift inter vivos, which is a gift made by one living person to another; see Gi
INTERCHANGEABLY . Formerly when deeds of land were made, where there Were covenants to be performed on both sides, it was usua
INTERCOMMONING , Eng. law. Where the commons of two manors lie together, and the inhabitants, or those having a right of comm
INTERCOURSE . Communication; commerce; connexion by reciprocal dealings between persons or nations, as by interchange of c
INTERDICT , civil Among the Romans it was an ordinance of the praetor, which forbade or enjoined the parties in a suit t
INTERDICT, OR INTERDICTION , eccles. law. An ecclesiastical censure, by which divine services are prohibited either to particular persons
INTERDICTION , civil law. A legal restraint upon a person incapable of managing his estate, because of mental incapacity, f
INTERESSE TERMINI , estates. An interest in the term. The demise of a term in land does not vest any estate in the lessee, but g
INTEREST , contracts. The right of property which a man has in a thing, commonly called insurable interest. It is not e
INTEREST , estates. The right which a man has in a chattel real, and more particularly in a future term. It is a word o
INTEREST , evidence. The benefit which a person has in the matter about to be decided and which is in issue between the
INTEREST FOR MONEY , contracts. The compensation which is paid by the borrower to the lender or b the debtor to the creditor for
INTEREST, MARITIME . By maritime interest is understood the profit of money lent on bottomry or respondentia, which is allowed to
INTERIM . In the mean time; in the meanwhile. For example, one appointed between the time that a person is made bankru
INTERLINEATION , contracts, evidence. Writing between two lines. 2. Interlineations are made either before or after the execu
INTERLOCUTORY . This word is applied to signify something which is done between the commencement and the end of a suit or ac
INTERLOPERS . Persons who interrupt the trade of a company of merchants, by pursuing the same business with them in the sa
INTERNATIONAL . That which pertains to intercourse between nations. International law is that which regulates the intercours
INTERNUNCIO . A minister of a second order, charged with the affairs of the court of Rome, where that court has no nuncio
INTERPLEADER , practice. Interpleaders may be had at law and in equity. 2. An interpleader at law a proceeding in the actio
INTERPRETATION . The explication of a law, agreement, will, or other instrument, which appears obscure or ambiguous. 2. The o
INTERPRETER . One employed to make a translation. (q v.) 2. An interpreter should be sworn before he translates the testim
INTERREGNUM , polit. law. In an established government, the period which elapses between the death of a sovereign and the
INTERRELATION , civil law. The act by which, in consequence of an agreement, the party bound declares that he will not be bo
INTERROGATOIRE , French law. An act, or instrument, which contains the interrogatories made by the judge to the person accuse
INTERROGATORIES . Material and pertinent questions, in writing, to necessary points, not confessed, exhibited for the examinat
INTERRUPTION . The effect of some act or circumstance which stops the course of a prescription or act of limitation's. 2. I
INTERVAL . A space of time between two periods. When a person is unable to perform an act at any two given periods, but
INTERVENTION , civil law. The act by which a third party becomes a party in a suit pending between other persons. 2. The in
INTESTABLE . One who cannot law fully make a testament. 2. An infant, an insane person, or one civilly dead, cannot make
INTESTACY . The state or condition of dying without a will.
INTESTATE . One who, having lawful power to make a will, has made none, or one which is defective in form. In that case,
INTIMATION , civil law. The name of any judicial act by which a notice of a legal proceeding. is given to some one; but i
INTRODUCTION . That part of a writing in which are detailed those facts which elucidate the subject. In chancery pleading,
INTROMISSION Scotch law. The assuming possession of property belonging to another, either on legal grounds, or without any
INTRONISATION , French eccl. law. The installation of a hishop in his episcopal see. Clef des Lois Row. h. t. Andre.
INTRUDER . One who, on the death of the ancestor, enters on the land, unlawfully, before the heir can enter.
INTRUSION , estates, torts. When an ancestor dies seised of an estate of inheritance expectant upon an estate for life,
INTRUSION , remedies. The name of a writ, brought by the owner of a fee simple, &c., against an intruder. New Nat. Br. 4
INTTERDICTED OF FIRE AND WATER . Formerly those persons who were banished for some crime, were interdicted of fire and water; that is, by the
INUNDATION . The overflow of waters by coming out of their bed. 2. Inundations may arise from three causes; from public n
INVALID . In a physical sense, it is that which is wanting force; in a figurative sense, it signifies that which has n
INVASION . The entry of a country by a public enemy, making war. 2. The Constitution of the United States, art. 1, s. 8
INVENTION . A contrivance; a discovery. It is in this sense this word is used in the patent laws of the United States. 1
INVENTIONES . This word is used in some ancient English charters to signify treasure-trove.
INVENTOR . One who invents or finds out something. 2. The patent laws of the United States authorize a patent to be iss
INVENTORY . A list, schedule, or enumeration in writing, containing, article by article, the goods and chattels, rights
INVESTITURE , estates. The act of giving possession of lands by actual seisin When livery of seisin was made to a person b
INVIOLABILITY . That which is not to be violated. The persons of ambassadors are inviolable. See Ambassador.
INVITO DOMINO , crim. law. Without the consent of the owner. 2. In order to constitute larceny, the property stolen must be
INVOICE , commerce. An account of goods or merchandise sent by merchants to their correspondents at home or abroad, in
INVOICE BOOK , commerce, accounts. One in which invoices are copied.
INVOLUNTARY . An involuntary act is that which is performed with constraint, (q. v.) or with repugnance, or without the wi
IOWA . The name of one of the new states of the United States of America. 2. This state was admitted into the Union
IPSE . He, himself; the very man.
IPSO FACTO . By the fact itself. 2. This phrase is frequently employed to convey the idea that something which has been d
IPSO JURE . By the act of the law itself, or by mere operation of law.
IRE AD LARGUM . To go at large; to escape, or be set at liberty. Vide Ad largum.
IREVOCABLE . That which cannot be revoked. 2. A will may at all times be revoked by the same person who made it, he havin
IRONY , rhetoric. A term derived from the Greek, which signifies dissimulation. It is a refined species of ridicule,
IRREGULAR . That which is done contrary to the common rules of law; as, irregular process, which is that issued contrary
IRREGULAR DEPOSIT . This name is given to that kind of deposit, where the thing deposited need not be returned; as, where a man
IRREGULARITY , practice. The doing or not doing that in the conduct of a suit at law, which, conformably with the practice
IRRELEVANT EVIDENCE . That which does not support the issue, and which) of course, must be excluded. See Relevant.
IRREPLEVISABLE , practice. This term is applied to those things which cannot legally be replevied. For example, in Pennsylvan
IRRESISTIBLE FORCE . This term is applied to such an interposition of human agency, as is, from its nature and power, absolutely
IRRIGATION . The act of wetting or moist ening the ground by artificial means. 2. The owner of land over which there is a
IRRITANCY . In Scotland, it is the happening of a condition or event by which a charter, contract or other deed, to whic
ISLAND . A piece of land surrounded by water. 2. Islands are in the sea or in rivers. Those in the sea are either in
ISSINT . This is a Norman French word which signifies thus, so. It has given the name to a part of a plea, because wh
ISSUABLE , practice. Leading or tending to an issue. An issuable plea is one upon which the plaintiff can take issue an
ISSUE , kindred. This term is of very extensive import, in its most enlarged signification, and includes all persons
ISSUE , pleading. An issue, in pleading, is defined to be a single, certain and material point issuing out of the al
ISSUE ROLL , Eng. law. The name of a record which contains an entry of the term of which the demurrer book, issue or pape
ISSUES , Eng. law. The goods and profits of the lands of a defendant against whom a writ of distringas or distress in
ISTHMUS . A tongue or strip of land between two seas. Glos. on Law, 37, book 2, tit. 3, of the Dig.
ITA EST . These words signify so it is. Among the civilians when a notary dies, leaving his register, an officer who i
ITA QUOD . The name or condition in a submission which is usually introduced by these words "so as the award be made of
ITEM . Also; likewise; in like manner.; again; a second time. These are the various meanings of this Latin adverb.
ITER . A foot way. Vide Way.
ITINERANT . Travelling or taking a journey. In England there were formerly judges called Justices itinerant, who were se



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